Obesity is chronic in the United States. Morbid obesity
is currently at the highest rate ever reported, which puts an
emphasis on bariatric surgery and care.
Types of Bariatric Surgery
Gastric Sleeve- this is a fairly safe surgery, as it
does not deplete the body of nutrients as some do.Many patients opt for this
as it can usually be done with minimally invasive procedures. Care for the
patient following this surgery is minimal; in fact it is often done on an
outpatient basis.
Gastric Bypass- this surgery is more invasive, and it
dumps a portion of minerals out, without allowing for absorption by the body. Patients
that have received this surgery can get dehydrated, and can be low on vitamins
and minerals if not taking supplements.
Lap Band- this is a minimally invasive technique that
is just as the name implies, a band placed inside the body to lessen the size
of the stomach
Gastric Balloon- a newer procedure that is done under
local anesthesia, it is a balloon that occupies space in the stomach, giving a
feeling of full. The balloon must be removed after 6 months.
The options for bariatric surgery are more today than
ever before. Considering that weight
loss is a multibillion-dollar industry each year, its no surprise weight loss
surgery is very popular. Most are performed safely and with no complications,
however occasionally there are complications and a patient must be admitted for
follow up care.
A Patients Experience
A 34-year-old female that weighed 298 pounds decided to
have weight loss surgery. Based on her age and lifestyle, the doctor determined
the lap band would be her best option. She had the surgery, and at first things
seemed ok. Two months after the surgery she began to worry about how bad she
felt all of the the time. The doctor determined the band was leaking the fluid
within into her system. The band had to be removed and the patient began to
feel better, proving what she assumed to be true, the band is what was causing
the problem. The patient was malnourished and dehydrated and was hospitalized
for 4 days due to her condition. She later decided to have the gastric sleeve
surgery, which was a complete success. She was able to lose weight and suffered
no complications. Her only advice would be to research what procedure you plan
to have and ask many questions.
Most weight loss surgeries turn out fine, however not
all. Patients may suffer complications, and could end up hospitalized and in
need of treatment.
Skin Removal
Often after weight loss surgery, skin removal becomes
necessary. Skin removal can be very invasive, and can take months to heal
completely. Patients that have undergone
this type of surgery will usually remain hospitalized for several days. They
will need to be monitored closely for infection, which can be detected through
fever, pain, redness, or swelling. Patients may require pain medications during their healing process for the
areas the skin was removed from. Patients should have their surgical sight
monitored closely for signs of infection.
Bariatric surgery is generally well tolerated, however
like any surgical procedure, there can be complications. Most bariatric
patients are searching for an answer to a problem they have lived with for a
number of years. Some bariatric patients
say there is essentially nothing they will not do to finally gain control of
their weight problem. Fortunately, most surgeries for bariatric conditions turn
out well, and the only treatment the patient will need is follow up treatment
and close monitoring until the area has healed. Patients will then need to be monitored to ensure they are maintaining a
healthy weight, and to ensure lab results are within normal range.
When providing care for a post surgical bariatric
patient, they should be congratulated on taking a step to ensure better health
for themselves. Routine monitoring of a
post surgical patient generally takes place over the course of 6 months to 1
year, and then periodic checkups. As the nurse involved in the patients care,
you will play a supportive role in their recovery. Offer encouragement, and
support, as the patient has taken a very big step in gaining control of their
problem.
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